This paper develops a conceptual model proposing sustainability practices as key predictors of competitiveness in the freight transport industry. Grounded in the resource-based view, the natural resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, the model positions sustainability not only as compliance or cost reduction but as a strategic resource that can strengthen firms’ competitive positions. Sustainability practices are conceptualised across four dimensions: environmental management, green logistics operations, digital technologies for sustainability and green supply chain collaboration. Competitiveness is framed through cost efficiency, service quality, innovation capability and market differentiation.

A structured synthesis of literature on sustainability, logistics and strategic management is used to refine construct definitions, clarify mechanisms and specify contextual influences relevant to freight transport. The model argues that innovation capability acts as the central mechanism linking sustainability practices to competitive outcomes, while digital adoption and environmental uncertainty operate as boundary conditions that may strengthen or weaken these effects. The contribution of this paper lies in offering an integrated, theory-driven framework for understanding how sustainability can become a source of competitive advantage in freight transport, especially in emerging markets.