author(s)
Bhawni Talwar

abstract
Innovation has long been a driving force behind human advancement, beginning with transformative inventions such as the wheel, which revolutionized mobility and productivity. This same innovative spirit underpins modern economic activities, including global investment strategies. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) exemplifies this progression by enabling cross-border economic integration and development. Defined as an investment by individuals or companies in one country into enterprises in another, FDI includes equity investments, reinvested earnings, and intra-company loans. It serves as a vital channel for transferring technology, capital, and expertise across borders. Furthermore, FDI supports global business expansion by mitigating regulatory constraints, avoiding tariffs, and establishing a stronger local presence in foreign markets. Thus, FDI not only enhances individual business capabilities but also contributes significantly to global economic growth.