International Journal of Foreign Trade and International Business
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P-ISSN: 2663-3140, E-ISSN: 2663-3159
International Journal of Foreign Trade and International Business
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2025, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A
Measuring and analyzing the impact of international tourism revenues on the Iraqi balance of payments

Saad Khalaf Mhawes and Ibrahim Abdullah Jasim

All countries, whether developed or developing, strive to diversify their revenue sources and avoid reliance on a single resource to improve and achieve a surplus in their balance of payments. This includes Iraq, which has experienced greater openness to the outside world since 2003, along with increased foreign tourist arrivals, particularly for religious tourism. In this context, the purpose of the study is to quantify and examine how foreign tourism income affects Iraq's balance of payments between 2005 and 2023. According to the study's hypothesis, foreign tourism revenues immediately and favorably impact the balance of payments. International tourism revenues have a favorable and considerable impact on the balance of payments, according to the research's estimation results from the ARDL model. An increase of one unit in international tourism revenues leads to a 0.30% increase in the balance of payments at a 5% significance level. The research recommends focusing more on the tourism sector, especially religious and archaeological tourism, given Iraq's significant potential in these areas. This could provide a new source of public revenue, reducing pressure on the general budget and subsequently improving the balance of payments.
Pages : 10-16 | 72 Views | 33 Downloads


International Journal of Foreign Trade and International Business
How to cite this article:
Saad Khalaf Mhawes, Ibrahim Abdullah Jasim. Measuring and analyzing the impact of international tourism revenues on the Iraqi balance of payments. Int J Foreign Trade Int Bus 2025;7(1):10-16. DOI: 10.33545/26633140.2025.v7.i1a.139
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